A savanna is a grassland ecosystem characterized by scattered trees and shrubs. It is typically found in regions with a tropical or subtropical climate. Major savannas exist in Africa, Australia, South America, and parts of India. The African savanna is the most well-known and is home to iconic wildlife.
The savanna is home to many unique animals, including lions, elephants, giraffes, zebras, cheetahs, and antelopes. Birds like ostriches and secretary birds are also savanna specialists. Each species has adapted to the environment’s open spaces, scarce water sources, and extreme temperatures.
Savanna animals have adapted to survive the harsh dry season. Herbivores like elephants dig for water using their trunks, while gazelles and antelopes migrate in search of food and water. Predators, such as lions and hyenas, follow these migrations. Many species are also capable of conserving water and enduring long periods without drinking.
Predators are crucial for maintaining the balance of the savanna ecosystem. They control herbivore populations, preventing overgrazing and allowing vegetation to regenerate. By targeting the weakest and sickest individuals, predators also help maintain healthy prey populations.
The savanna supports a high level of biodiversity, with countless species of mammals, birds, insects, and plants. It provides critical habitats and acts as a corridor for migrating animals. Additionally, savannas contribute to global ecosystems by storing carbon and influencing climate regulation.